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- A Quick Treasury Bill Price and Yield Calculator
- By Fred Shipley, Ph.D.
- Computerized Investing, January/February 1989
-
- Treasury bills, like many short-term investments, do not pay regular
- interest. Rather, they are sold at a discount from face value, and return
- face value at maturity. The increase in value provides an implied return
- to investors. Since bills are sold at a discount from face value, an
- investor needs to know how yields are quoted, how the quoted yields
- compare with yields on other investments, and how to determine the
- discount price from the quoted yield and vice versa.
-
- Bills may be purchased directly from the Treasury, through Federal Reserve
- banks in several major cities and through banks and brokerages. (See the
- Investor's Workshop in the August, 1988 AAII Journal for a discussion of
- direct purchasing of Treasury securities, including T bills.)
-
- The simple formulas presented below will do the calculations for you.
- Strictly speaking, these are applicable only to bills with a maturity of
- six months or less. Since maturities are short, the date features of your
- spreadsheet are quite useful.
-
- To generate the information you need, simply check a current Wall Street
- Journal, Barron's or other financial publication. Quotes are usually
- given as discount yields. If you enter that information into cell D4, and
- the maturity into cell D6, the spreadsheet will determine the discount
- price, and the coupon-equivalent yield. The coupon-equivalent yield is an
- uncompounded semiannual yield that can be compared with quoted yields to
- maturity for coupon bonds, such as corporate bonds.
-
- For individuals wanting to program these formulas in BASIC or some other
- language or spreadsheet, the formulas are simple and are presented below.
-
- D = Fd(t/360)
-
- P = F - D
-
- Y = 365d/(360 - dt)
-
- Where: D is the dollar amount of the discount
-
- d is discount yield. This figure is reported in
- the financial media
-
- t is the time to maturity, in days
-
- P is the price of the T-bill
-
- F is the face value of the bill. ($10,000 is the
- minimum denomination of T-bills; quotes are
- usually for round lots of $1,000,000.)
-
- Y is the coupon-equivalent yield
-
-
- (c) Copyright 1988 by the
- American Association of Individual Investors